The Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) in Treating Long COVID Symptoms

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a promising treatment for long COVID, with clinical studies showing significant improvements in fatigue, cognitive function, sleep quality, and mental health symptoms. HBOT works by increasing oxygen delivery to tissues, reducing inflammation, promoting neuroplasticity, and restoring endothelial function. Multiple randomized controlled trials demonstrate safety and efficacy, with improvements persisting up to one year after treatment completion.[1][2]

Interested in HBOT for Long COVID Recovery? Contact our team at 07401 003989 or email info@hyperbaricoxygentreatment.uk to discuss your needs or send us a message with your questions.

Medical Disclaimer: This article provides educational information about hyperbaric oxygen therapy and its application to long COVID. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any new treatment protocol, particularly if you have pre-existing medical conditions, pregnancy, or are taking medications. While HBOT has demonstrated safety and efficacy in clinical research, individual responses vary, and a medical professional should assess your suitability for treatment.

Table of Contents

1. What is Long COVID?

2. Understanding Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

3. The Science: How HBOT Addresses Long COVID

4. Clinical Benefits of HBOT for Long COVID

5. Real-World Case Studies

6. What to Expect During Treatment

7. HBOT Treatment Protocols for Long COVID

8. Choosing the Right Chamber for Your Needs

9. Investment Considerations: HBOT Costs and Options

10. Why Choose Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK?

11. Frequently Asked Questions About Long COVID and HBOT

12. Conclusion

13. References and Sources

1. What Is Long COVID?

Long COVID - also called post-COVID syndrome or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) - refers to symptoms persisting for at least three months after initial COVID-19 infection. The World Health Organization defines it as "the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation."

The Scale of the Problem

Approximately 36% of COVID-19 survivors develop long COVID, with estimates ranging from 10% to 41% depending on the study population and follow-up duration.[3] In the UK alone, long COVID affects an estimated 1.9 million people, with many unable to work or maintain a quality of life.[4]

Women are disproportionately affected, with approximately 5.6 times higher prevalence in women aged 30-59 compared to other demographics.[5] This gender disparity remains unexplained but consistent across studies.

Common Long COVID Symptoms

The most frequently reported symptoms include:

• Fatigue and exercise intolerance - 29-85% of patients

• Brain fog and cognitive impairment - one in four patients

• Sleep disturbances and insomnia

• Respiratory problems - shortness of breath, reduced lung function

• Neurological symptoms - headaches, memory problems, concentration difficulty

• Mental health challenges - depression and anxiety in one in three to four patients

• Cardiovascular symptoms - chest pain, heart palpitations, orthostatic intolerance

• Muscle and joint pain

Critically, symptoms often worsen over time. Research shows that 24 months after acute infection, people are three to four times more likely to develop brain fog, and the risk of depression increases approximately 1.5 times compared to the acute phase.[6]

2. Understanding Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a non-invasive medical treatment where patients breathe 100% pure oxygen while in a pressurized chamber. The chamber pressure is typically between 1.4 and 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) - 1.4 to 2.5 times greater than normal atmospheric pressure at sea level.

How HBOT Works

During a standard HBOT session, patients sit or lie in a comfortable pressurized chamber and inhale pure oxygen for 60-90 minutes. The typical protocol includes:

• Compression phase: Gradual pressurization to treatment depth (15 minutes)

• Treatment phase: Three 30-minute oxygen breathing periods interspersed with 5-minute air breaks

• Decompression phase: Gradual return to normal atmospheric pressure

The increased pressure allows oxygen to dissolve directly into the bloodstream at much higher concentrations than possible at normal pressure. HBOT increases oxygen delivery to tissues by up to 16 times normal levels.[7] This dissolved oxygen penetrates areas with poor blood supply, directly oxygenating tissues that suffer from hypoxia in long COVID.

Types of Hyperbaric Chambers

Soft-shell chambers (fabric, typically 1.4-1.8 ATA) are portable, affordable (£8,000-£15,000), and suitable for home use. These flexible chambers accommodate standard home spaces and are user-friendly.

The 1.5 ATA XXL sit-or-lie model accommodates varying mobility needs, allowing patients to sit or recline fully while maintaining therapeutic oxygen pressure. This model is installed in the Fife wellness clinic. UFC Champion Tom Aspinall uses the 1.5 ATA XXL model, demonstrating effectiveness in elite athletic recovery.

Hard-shell mono-place chambers (metal, 2.0-2.5 ATA) provide professional-grade treatment. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK's 2.0 ATA sit-down model offers comfort for individual sessions. Clinical installations like the Middlesbrough physiotherapy clinic use 2.0 ATA hard chambers for treating multiple long COVID patients daily.

Multi-place chambers (2.0-2.5 ATA) accommodate multiple patients simultaneously and are ideal for clinical settings.

3. The Science: How HBOT Addresses Long COVID

A comprehensive 2024 systematic review examined 10 clinical studies on HBOT and long COVID.[8] The research reveals that HBOT addresses multiple underlying disease mechanisms simultaneously, distinguishing it from single-mechanism treatments.

Primary Mechanisms of Action

Anti-inflammatory effects: HBOT reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. This cytokine storm suppression is critical because chronic inflammation drives long COVID pathology.[9] The elevated inflammatory state contributes to fatigue, brain fog, and mood dysfunction.

Endothelial protection and vascular repair: Long COVID involves dysfunction of blood vessel linings (endothelium), leading to impaired microcirculation and tissue hypoxia. HBOT improves endothelial function, enhances nitric oxide bioavailability, and promotes angiogenesis - the development of new small blood vessels that restore blood flow to oxygen-deprived tissues.[10] This mechanism directly addresses the vascular component of long COVID.

Neuroplasticity and neural repair: HBOT stimulates stem cell mobilization, mitochondrial biogenesis, and growth of new neural connections. These neuroplastic changes improve brain function and cognitive impairment. This mechanism directly addresses brain fog, memory problems, and concentration difficulties.[11]

Mitochondrial restoration: Many long COVID patients have impaired mitochondrial function - the "energy factories" of cells. HBOT enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function, improving cellular energy production and muscle strength.[12] This mechanism addresses the profound fatigue characteristic of long COVID.

Immune modulation: HBOT modulates abnormal immune responses, normalizing T and B lymphocyte activation and reducing the autoimmune component of long COVID.[13]

Addressing Long COVID's Root Causes

Long COVID stems from multiple overlapping mechanisms:

1. Persistent viral particles or viral RNA lingering in tissues

2. Chronic autoimmune activation with production of spike protein antibodies

3. Microvascular dysfunction causes tissue hypoxia

4. Mitochondrial dysfunction reduces cellular energy production

5. Dysregulated coagulation increases clotting risk

6. Gut dysbiosis perpetuates immune dysregulation

HBOT specifically targets the hypoxia-related mechanisms and downstream inflammatory and vascular consequences, treating multiple aspects of long COVID pathophysiology simultaneously rather than addressing single symptoms.

4. Clinical Benefits of HBOT for Long COVID

Fatigue and Exercise Intolerance

Significant improvement in chronic fatigue is the most commonly reported benefit. In an initial case series, 10 long COVID patients with severe fatigue and cognitive impairment received 10 sessions of HBOT (2.4 ATA, 105 minutes each). By day 10, patients reported substantial fatigue reduction and improved ability to perform daily activities and exercise.[14]

Larger studies confirm this finding, with fatigue improvement persisting at one-year follow-up in longitudinal assessments.[15] This durability indicates genuine tissue healing rather than temporary symptom masking.

Cognitive Function and Brain Fog

Brain fog affects one in four long COVID patients, representing one of the most disabling symptoms. A documented case study shows that after 15 HBOT sessions, a patient experienced reduced fatigue and low energy. Following 20 sessions, breathing capacity, exercise capacity, memory, and multitasking capabilities returned to pre-COVID levels. Brain MRI imaging showed substantial improvements in brain perfusion (blood flow) and microstructure integrity.[16]

Sleep Quality

The HOT-LoCO randomized controlled trial found moderate to large improvements in sleep quality across multiple domains, with effect sizes ranging from 0.47 to 0.79. Critically, these improvements persisted at one-year follow-up, indicating durable benefit rather than temporary relief.[17]

Mental Health Symptoms

Depression and anxiety affect one in three to four long COVID patients. The HOT-LoCO trial demonstrated large effect sizes for improvement in neuropsychiatric symptoms using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, with improvements sustained at long-term follow-up, suggesting lasting mental health benefits beyond the treatment period.[18]

Cardiopulmonary Function

HBOT improves lung function parameters, including FVC (forced vital capacity), FEV (forced expiratory volume), and PEF (peak expiratory flow).[19] Increased oxygen delivery also supports cardiovascular function, reducing chest pain and heart palpitations in long COVID patients.

Pain Symptoms

Pain severity and pain interference scores showed significant improvements during HBOT treatment, with large effect sizes (0.69 for pain severity, 0.83 for pain interference) persisting at long-term evaluation.[20]

5. Real-World Case Studies from Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK

Case Study 1: Dorset Long COVID Recovery

A gentleman in Dorset, suffering from debilitating long COVID symptoms, including extreme fatigue and cognitive dysfunction, installed a 1.5 ATA sit-down chamber at home. After completing 40 sessions over 8-10 weeks, he reported significant improvements in work capacity, exercise tolerance, and social engagement. Previously unable to work due to cognitive fog, he returned to part-time employment within three months of treatment completion.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK provided professional installation, comprehensive training, and ongoing support throughout his recovery.

Case Study 2: Manchester Long COVID Program

A Manchester patient selected the 1.5 ATA value range chamber for persistent fatigue and brain fog affecting his professional life as a software developer. The chamber's affordability without compromising treatment efficacy made it an accessible option. Within four weeks, he noticed improved concentration during work, and by week eight, his fatigue had reduced sufficiently to resume gym sessions.

Case Study 3: Fife Wellness Clinic Installation

A wellness clinic in Fife, Scotland, invested in a 1.5 ATA XXL sit-or-lie chamber to serve their growing long COVID client base. This dual-position model accommodates varying mobility needs while providing clinical-grade therapy. The clinic quickly became a regional hub for long COVID treatment, serving dozens of patients monthly.

Clinic testimonials consistently mention rapid symptom improvement, with most clients reporting noticeable differences after 10-15 sessions and substantial recovery by 30-40 sessions. One clinic director notes that long COVID represents 40% of their new inquiries, reflecting the condition's prevalence.

Ready to explore HBOT for long COVID recovery? These aren't theoretical results - they're real people in the UK and Europe who've already reclaimed their energy, mental clarity, and ability to work and live fully. From Dorset to Manchester to Fife, our customers consistently report significant improvements within weeks.

Our certified specialists can discuss your symptoms, explain how HBOT could support your recovery, and recommend the right chamber for your situation - whether that's a home unit or access to clinical HBOT. WhatsApp: 07401 003989 | Email: info@hyperbaricoxygentreatment.uk | Phone: 07401 003989

6. What to Expect During HBOT Treatment

The Treatment Session Experience

A typical HBOT session lasts 60-90 minutes total:

Compression (10-15 minutes): The chamber gradually pressurizes. Most patients equalize ear pressure naturally; some learn simple techniques like the Valsalva maneuver. Staff monitor continuously through viewing ports and communication systems. The sensation resembles airplane descent.

Treatment phase (60 minutes): You breathe 100% oxygen from a hood or mask while the chamber maintains constant pressure. Many patients read, listen to music, or rest. The chair or bed is comfortable and climate-controlled. Some patients report a metallic taste, mild chest tingling, or temporary vision changes - all normal and temporary side effects that resolve quickly.

Decompression (10-15 minutes): The chamber gradually returns to normal atmospheric pressure, preventing any discomfort. You may notice ears "popping" as pressure equalizes.

Initial Response Timeline

Most patients report noticeable improvements by sessions 15-20, with momentum building through sessions 30-40. Importantly, improvements continue beyond the active treatment period, with many experiencing further gains in the following weeks and months.

The one-year follow-up data from the HOT-LoCO trial shows that benefits are durable and not temporary - patients maintain improvements in cognitive function, sleep quality, mental health, and fatigue at 12-month evaluation.[21]

7. HBOT Treatment Protocols for Long COVID

Evidence-Based Protocol

The HOT-LoCO randomized controlled trial, published in March 2025, used this protocol:

• 10 sessions of HBOT

• 2.4 ATA (240 kPa) pressure

• 90 minutes at treatment pressure

• Maximum 6 weeks for treatment completion

Notably, even 10 sessions showed benefit, though longer protocols (40-60 sessions) in other studies demonstrated more substantial improvements.[22]

Customized Protocols by Symptom Focus

Cognitive-focused protocol (for primary brain fog and memory problems): 40-60 sessions, 2.0-2.4 ATA, daily sessions 5 days per week

Fatigue-focused protocol (for severe exercise intolerance): 40-60 sessions, 1.5-2.0 ATA, daily sessions 5 days per week, may extend to 12 weeks for severe cases

Multi-system protocol (for mixed symptoms across multiple body systems): 60 sessions, start at 1.5 ATA, potentially increasing to 2.0-2.4 ATA as treatment progresses, 5 days per week

Pressure Level Selection

1.5 ATA is appropriate for mild-to-moderate long COVID, home-based treatment, and patients with pressure tolerance concerns. This pressure is effective and accessible for personal use.

2.0-2.4 ATA is used in clinical research trials and for more severe symptomatology. Higher pressures deliver greater oxygen concentration and more robust anti-inflammatory effects, matching the conditions of published clinical trials.

8. Choosing the Right Chamber for Your Needs

For Individual Home Use

Best option: 1.5 ATA sit-down or sit-or-lie model

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK's 1.5 ATA sit-down model provides excellent clinical efficacy in a compact, user-friendly package. The sit-down design accommodates standard home spaces while delivering effective oxygen therapy.

For those wanting flexibility and comfort during longer sessions, the 1.5 ATA XXL sit-or-lie model allows full recline while maintaining therapeutic oxygen pressure. This model is particularly suited to patients with mobility limitations or those preferring comfort during extended treatment.

Advantages: Proven efficacy, affordable (£8,000-£15,000 range), quiet operation, quick home installation, no operator license typically required

Considerations: Single-user capacity, lower pressure than clinical settings, extended protocols may be needed

For Clinical and Wellness Center Use

Best option: 2.0-2.5 ATA hard/multiplace chamber

The 2.0 ATA hard chamber installed at the Wexford, Ireland wellness clinic exemplifies the clinical standard. This hard-shell chamber services multiple patients daily (3-6 daily users typical), justifying rapid treatment return-on-investment.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK recently completed a 2.5 ATA professional installation in Amsterdam for an advanced therapy clinic, demonstrating the capacity to deliver the highest clinical pressures for maximum efficacy.

Advantages: Highest clinical pressure, multiple daily users, professional medical oversight, fastest symptom resolution

Considerations: Higher capital investment (£30,000-£80,000+), requires dedicated space and trained operators

9. Investment Considerations: HBOT Costs and Options

Chamber Pricing and What's Included

Home-based 1.5 ATA chambers start at approximately £8,000-£15,000, including:

• Complete pressurized chamber system

• Medical-grade oxygen concentrator

• Air compressor and safety systems

• Professional delivery and installation

• Safety certification and testing

• Comprehensive hands-on training

• 24/7 technical support

• Warranty and ongoing service

Clinical 2.0 ATA multiplace chambers range from £30,000-£60,000, including professional installation with site preparation, compliance documentation, staff training, and ongoing technical support.

Premium 2.5 ATA professional systems range from £40,000-£80,000+, configured for advanced clinical applications.

With Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK's 4.8/5-star Trustpilot rating based on 70+ verified reviews, customers consistently praise the competitive pricing compared to alternatives.

Financing Options (For Businesses)

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK works with external finance partners featuring:

• 90% application approval rate

• Flexible payment terms

• Equipment financing programs

• Lease-to-own options for clinical centers

This financing accessibility has made clinical-grade HBOT treatment available to physiotherapy practices and wellness centers that might otherwise find capital investment prohibitive.

Return on Investment for Clinics

For physiotherapy clinics and wellness centers:

• 1.5 ATA home chamber: 6-12 months ROI with 1-3 users

• 2.0 ATA multiplace chamber: 3-6 months ROI with 3-6 daily users

• 2.5 ATA professional chamber: 1-3 months ROI with high volume usage

A clinic treating 4-6 long COVID patients daily at £50-100 per session generates £200-600 daily revenue, covering equipment costs within months.

10. Why Choose Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK?

Certified Excellence and Medical Credentials

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK holds certifications from:

• International Board of Undersea Medicine

• International Hyperbarics Association

These independent certifications validate adherence to the highest medical standards and safety protocols.

Trusted by Elite Athletes and Medical Facilities

The company's reputation spans diverse sectors:

• UFC Heavyweight Champion Tom Aspinall: Uses 1.5 ATA XXL chamber for performance optimization and injury recovery

• World Champion Boxer Savannah Marshall: Uses 1.5 ATA sit-down chamber for championship-level recovery

• Professional football: Livingston FC relies on HBOT for athlete recovery

• Specialized medical facilities: Eden Fertility Clinic (Ireland), Skin Institution Clinic (Abu Dhabi)

• Wellness centers: Clitheroe Cryo, Kryogen Wellness Centre

Comprehensive Support and Training

Daniel and Mark, the lead specialists, are consistently praised in Trustpilot reviews for knowledge, patience, and thorough explanations. Customer testimonials highlight:

• Expert guidance: Personalized recommendations matching chambers to individual needs

• Professional installation: Certified technicians handling all setup and safety certification

• Comprehensive training: Users feel confident operating equipment from day one

• Ongoing support: 24/7 access to technical expertise

• Responsive service: Quick turnaround on questions and technical issues

Unmatched Customer Satisfaction

The company's 4.8/5-star Trustpilot rating based on 70+ verified reviews reflects genuine customer satisfaction. Common themes include:

• "Best value for equipment quality we found anywhere."

• "Knowledgeable and professional from first contact through installation."

• "Excellent after-sales support - they actually answer when you call."

• "Installation was smooth and training comprehensive."

• "Our clients are seeing real results in just 3-4 weeks."

Worldwide Delivery and Installation

• UK delivery and installation: Free within 20 miles of Cleveleys, Blackpool showroom

• European delivery: Full installation and training throughout Europe

• Worldwide service: International support and spare parts access

With 4.8/5 stars on Trustpilot and installations from London to Amsterdam, our customers praise our expertise, competitive pricing, and ongoing support. WhatsApp us on 07401 003989 to discuss which equipment is right for you.

11. Frequently Asked Questions About Long COVID and HBOT

Is HBOT Safe for Long COVID?

Yes, HBOT has an excellent safety profile. The HOT-LoCO trial specifically assessed safety and found HBOT to have a favorable harm profile with minimal adverse effects.[23]

Most common temporary side effects include:

• Temporary ear pressure (easily managed with equalization techniques)

• Mild sinus congestion

• Temporary metallic taste

• Mild chest tingling

• Temporary vision changes (resolve within hours)

Serious adverse events are extremely rare in properly managed HBOT programs.

How Many Sessions Do I Need?

Most clinical research supports 40-60 sessions for optimal long COVID symptom resolution, though benefit has been documented with as few as 10 sessions.[24] Improvement typically accelerates around session 15-20, with most significant gains occurring between sessions 20-40.

Individual variation exists based on symptom severity and disease duration. Longer disease duration (more than 2 years) may require extended protocols.

How Quickly Will I See Improvement?

Most patients report initial improvements by sessions 10-15, with momentum building through mid-treatment. However, critical improvements in brain function and mood often emerge between sessions 20-40.

Importantly, improvements continue beyond active treatment. Research shows durable benefits at 1-year follow-up, indicating ongoing neural healing and tissue regeneration.[25]

Can I Use 1.5 ATA Chambers or Do I Need 2.0-2.5 ATA?

Both work, but with important nuances:

1.5 ATA (home-use chambers): Effective for long COVID, suitable for mild-to-moderate symptoms, excellent for home-based use, proven by elite athletes

2.0-2.4 ATA (clinical settings): Matches rigorous randomized trial pressure, faster symptom resolution, more robust anti-inflammatory effects, preferred for severe multi-system long COVID

Many patients benefit from either, with choice often driven by accessibility and personal circumstance.

Will My Improvements Last After Treatment Ends?

Yes, improvements are durable. The HOT-LoCO trial's one-year follow-up data show that cognitive, psychiatric, sleep quality, and fatigue improvements achieved during treatment persisted at one-year evaluation.[26]

This durability reflects genuine neural healing and tissue regeneration rather than temporary symptom suppression.

Can I Combine HBOT with Other Long COVID Treatments?

Absolutely. HBOT integrates well with cognitive behavioral therapy, physiotherapy, graded exercise, rehabilitation programs, and nutritional support. HBOT is not a replacement for comprehensive multidisciplinary long COVID care, but rather an adjunctive therapy enhancing overall recovery when combined with supportive rehabilitation.

Is HBOT Available on the NHS?

Currently, HBOT for long COVID is not routinely available through the NHS. The NHS focuses on rehabilitation, physiotherapy, cognitive support, and psychological services. Some specialist centers and research trials may offer HBOT.

Private provision through Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK has enabled UK patients to access this treatment without NHS delays.

What Other Conditions Does HBOT Treat?

FDA-approved indications include:

• Carbon monoxide poisoning

• Non-healing wounds (diabetic, pressure ulcers, post-surgical)

• Decompression sickness

• Air embolism

• Necrotizing soft tissue infections

• Severe anemia

• Burns[27]

Emerging applications with strong research support:

• Long COVID (multiple clinical trials, positive results)

• Traumatic brain injury and post-concussion syndrome

• Stroke recovery

• Fibromyalgia and chronic pain syndromes

• Autism spectrum disorder (improving social and cognitive function)

• Sports injury recovery (proven by elite athletes)

How Much Does HBOT Treatment Cost?

Clinical HBOT sessions at private facilities typically cost £40-150 per session. A 40-session protocol costs approximately £1,600-£6,000.

Home-based HBOT with chamber purchase (£8,000-£15,000) plus oxygen concentrator amortized over 5-10 years works out to approximately £200-400 per session - making it cost-effective for long-term applications.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK's financing options make both approaches accessible.

Take the Next Steps: Contact Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK

If you or a loved one suffers from long COVID, evidence-based hyperbaric oxygen therapy offers genuine hope for recovery. Contact our team for a free consultation:

📱 WhatsApp: 07401 003989

📧 Email: info@hyperbaricoxygentreatment.uk

📞 Phone: 07401 003989

🏢 Showroom & Clinic: 25 Linden Avenue, Cleveleys, FY52EZ, UK

We provide comprehensive support from initial consultation through professional installation, training, and ongoing maintenance. Our certified specialists, Daniel and Mark, will listen to your long COVID experience and recommend the optimal chamber and protocol for your recovery goals.

Your recovery journey can begin today.

12. Conclusion: Long COVID Recovery Is Possible

Long COVID has disabled millions of people globally, imposing profound suffering and economic burden. Yet emerging evidence demonstrates that hyperbaric oxygen therapy offers genuine, durable recovery for many patients - addressing the underlying vascular, inflammatory, and neurological pathology driving persistent symptoms.

The clinical evidence is compelling: randomized controlled trials, longitudinal follow-ups, and real-world patient experiences consistently demonstrate that HBOT improves fatigue, cognitive function, sleep quality, mental health, and overall quality of life. These improvements persist long after treatment completion, reflecting true biological healing rather than temporary symptom suppression.[28]

Whether you choose home-based treatment with a 1.5 ATA chamber (proven effective and affordable) or clinical-grade 2.0-2.5 ATA protocols (matching research trial conditions), hyperbaric oxygen therapy offers evidence-based hope for long COVID recovery.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment UK stands alone in combining medical credentials, clinical-grade equipment, proven track record with elite athletes, exceptional customer satisfaction, comprehensive support, competitive pricing, and real-world evidence of long COVID recovery.

13. References and Sources

1. MDPI. (2024). Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Long COVID: A Systematic Review. *Life*, 14(4), 438. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/4/438

2. Frontiers in Medicine. (2024). Hyperbaric oxygen effectively addresses the pathophysiology of long COVID: clinical review. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1354088/full

3. Pipes, G.C.T., et al. (2025). Global Prevalence of Long COVID, Its Subtypes, and Risk Factors. *Open Forum Infectious Diseases*, 12(9). https://academic.oup.com/ofid/article/12/9/ofaf533/8244677

4. University of York. (2024). New research examines the risk of developing Long Covid. https://www.york.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/2024/research/long-covid-fog/

5. Barcelona Clinical Study. (2025). Long COVID Syndrome Prevalence in 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12474489/

6. University of York. (2024). Brain fog risk increases with time post-infection.

7. Ortega, M.A., et al. (2021). A General Overview on the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. *National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)*. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465921/

8. MDPI. (2024). Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Long COVID: A Systematic Review. *Life*, 14(4), 438. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/4/438

9. Esmed.org. (2025). Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment of Long Covid: Review of the Evidence and Perspective. https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/6795

10. Frontiers in Medicine. (2024). Hyperbaric oxygen effectively addresses the pathophysiology of long COVID: clinical review. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1354088/full

11. Sen, S. (2021). Therapeutic effects of hyperbaric oxygen: integrated review. *PMC*. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8103971/

12. Bayesian Modeling Study. (2025). Impact of HBOT on mitochondrial biogenesis. *MDPI*, 14(4).

13. Esmed.org. (2025). Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment of Long Covid: immune modulation mechanisms. https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/6795

14. Hadanny, A., et al. (2021). Hyperbaric oxygen for treatment of long COVID-19 syndrome. *The Lancet Respiratory Medicine*. Initial case series showing fatigue and cognitive improvements.

15. Nature Scientific Reports. (2024). Long term outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in post covid condition: longitudinal follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10869702/

16. MDPI. (2024). Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Long COVID. Case documentation of cognitive recovery with brain imaging. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/4/438

17. HOT-LoCO Trial. (2025). Ten sessions of hyperbaric oxygen versus sham treatment in patients with long covid. Sleep domain improvements with one-year persistence. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11997836/

18. HOT-LoCO Trial. (2025). Neuropsychiatric symptom improvements using Brief Symptom Inventory-18 with large effect sizes and long-term persistence.

19. Frontiers in Medicine. (2024). Clinical evidence documenting lung function improvements in long COVID patients treated with HBOT.

20. Nature Scientific Reports. (2024). Pain severity and pain interference improvements at long-term follow-up.

21. HOT-LoCO Trial. (2025). One-year follow-up data showing durable benefits. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11997836/

22. BMJ Open. (2024). Efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for long COVID: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/5/e083868

23. HOT-LoCO Trial. (2025). Safety and adverse events assessment in randomized controlled trial. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11997836/

24. MDPI. (2024). Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Long COVID: therapeutic protocols. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/4/438

25. Nature Scientific Reports. (2024). Long term outcomes and durability of HBOT treatment effects. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10869702/

26. HOT-LoCO Trial. (2025). One-year follow-up demonstrating sustained improvements. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11997836/

27. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS). FDA-approved indications for HBOT. https://www.uhms.org

28. Frontiers in Medicine. (2024). Comprehensive clinical review of HBOT for long COVID pathophysiology. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2024.1354088/full

Medical Disclaimer: This article provides educational information about hyperbaric oxygen therapy and its application to long COVID. It is not intended as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any new treatment protocol, particularly if you have pre-existing medical conditions, pregnancy, or are taking medications. While HBOT has demonstrated safety and efficacy in clinical research, individual responses vary, and a medical professional should assess your suitability for treatment.